Bản Đạo tạng gần nhất là Linh Bảo thí thực pháp (Vạn Lịch tục Đạo tạng): khoa thí thực–hộc thực cứu độ u hồn. Thứ tự gồm tịnh tam nghiệp, thổ địa, cứu khổ, cam lộ khai yết hầu, hóa thực, ngũ trù, tam quy–cửu giới, tán thực. Tên “khoa nghi” thường chỉ truyền bản hành dụng; bản tạng là “pháp”.
Ứng dụng: Nghi thí thực / phóng diệm khẩu Đạo giáo; so sánh với tế luyện–hộc thực các phái.
灵宝施食科仪（亦称斛食、放焰口、太极祭炼）是灵宝斋醮济幽核心科仪，托葛玄太极祭炼法，唐宋以降成型。行仪程序：净三业咒、土地咒、救苦经、普照鬼神咒、甘露开咽喉咒、化食咒、五厨经解冤咒，宣三皈依、九真戒、四大誓愿，终以散食咒普施幽魂。核心教理为「祭者设席，炼者变炼」，以甘露开咽、变食无尽，超度孤魂饿鬼及七祖。通行本有《灵宝施食法》《萨祖铁罐施食》等，全真多采萨祖本。术语：斛食、炼度、开咽喉、化食、幽魂普度。
⚡ Ứng dụng: 用于中元、普度、丧葬及斋醮济幽，以斛食甘露开咽超度亡魂、解冤释结。亦可配合炼度变神，济度十方孤魂。
🔗 Liên quan: 太极祭炼内法；萨祖铁罐施食科仪；灵宝无量度人上品妙经
Lingbao food-offering liturgy proves that postmortem suffering is partly hunger of unrefined qi, and that correctly empowered food, mantra, and mudra can convert that hunger into liberation. The argument is sacramental causality: ordinary food does not feed ghosts; transformed food does, because the rite changes the ontological status of the offering.
1) Schedule施食 near death-anniversary stems/branches or Zhongyuan, checking that officiant’s chart can support water-fire balance that day. 2) Before offering, regulate breath and intention so ‘empowerment’ is not empty chant. 3) Name categories of beings (ancestors, lonely souls, disaster dead) to avoid vague magic. 4) Dedicate merit back to the living chart’s useful gods—close the loop. 5) Teach families that ethical amends in life reduce the ‘hunger’ their dead carry.
Unlike Buddhist Yankou, which is its sibling in form, Lingbao shishi embeds Daoist salvation ranks, talismans, and Heavenly Worthies as the conversion engine. It differs from Zhengyi court petitions (legal) by being alimentary-transformative, and from jilian neifa by remaining more liturgical-public than operator-alchemy centered.